Aborsi
Suatu Kajian Kritik Historis terhadap Keluaran 21:22-25 dari Perspektif Feminis dan Relevansinya bagi Konteks Perempuan Masa Kini
Keywords:
aborsi, Keluaran 21, 22–25, kritik historis, teologi feminis, keadilan genderAbstract
This study is a historical-critical analysis of Exodus 21:22-25 through a feminist perspective aiming to explore its relevance for women today. The text, which discusses legal consequences for miscarriage caused by third-party actions, is often debated in the context of abortion ethics and reproductive rights. This research seeks to understand the historical, cultural, and social background of the text, identify the values embedded within it, and evaluate how it reflects the position of women in the patriarchal society of ancient Israel. Using a feminist hermeneutic approach, the study analyzes how women are positioned as legal subjects in the text and how patriarchal values influence its interpretation and application. The findings reveal that Exodus 21:22-25 not only reflects a social system that subordinates women but also provides opportunities for a more inclusive and gender-just reinterpretation. Furthermore, the study examines the relevance of the text to contemporary women, particularly concerning reproductive rights and gender justice. By offering a contextual rereading, this research contributes to theological and ethical discourses that emphasize respect for women's bodily autonomy and gender equality in modern society.
Keywords: abortion; Exodus 21:22-25; historical criticism; feminism; feminist theology; reproductive rights; gender justice
Abstrak
Penelitian ini merupakan analisis kritik historis terhadap Keluaran 21:22-25 dengan pendekatan feminis, yang bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi relevansinya bagi perempuan masa kini. Teks tersebut, yang membahas konsekuensi hukum atas keguguran akibat tindakan pihak ketiga, sering diperdebatkan dalam konteks etika aborsi dan hak reproduksi. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk memahami latar belakang historis, budaya, dan sosial dari teks, mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya, serta mengevaluasi bagaimana teks tersebut merefleksikan posisi perempuan dalam masyarakat patriark Israel kuno. Melalui pendekatan hermeneutika feminis, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana perempuan diposisikan sebagai subjek hukum dalam teks tersebut dan bagaimana nilai-nilai patriark memengaruhi interpretasi, serta penerapan hukum tersebut. Kajian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Keluaran 21:22-25 tidak hanya mencerminkan sistem sosial yang subordinatif terhadap perempuan, tetapi juga memberikan peluang untuk pembacaan ulang yang lebih inklusif dan berkeadilan gender. Selain itu, penelitian ini menelaah relevansi teks tersebut dalam konteks perempuan masa kini, terutama terkait isu hak reproduksi dan keadilan gender. Dengan menawarkan pembacaan ulang yang kontekstual, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada wacana teologi dan etika yang menekankan penghormatan terhadap otonomi tubuh perempuan, serta kesetaraan gender dalam masyarakat modern.
Kata Kunci: aborsi; Keluaran 21:22-25; kritik historis; feminisme; teologi feminis; hak reproduksi; keadilan gender
References
Durham, John I. Exodus. Word Biblical Commentary. Waco: Word Books, 1987.
End, Th. van den. Ragi Cerita I: Sejarah Gereja di Indonesia. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2016.
Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler. In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins. New York: Crossroad, 1983.
Ruether, Rosemary Radford. Sexism and God-Talk: Toward a Feminist Theology. Boston: Beacon Press, 1983.
West, Gerald O. Contextual Bible Study. Pietermaritzburg: Cluster Publications, 1993.
Wright, David P. Inventing God’s Law: How the Covenant Code of the Bible Used and Revised the Laws of Hammurabi. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
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